Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH3. The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O2 was studied in this work. The results show that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99, 0.01-0.13, and 0 for NO, O2 and NH3, respectively, at 350-450℃. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N2 and H2O. Gaseous O2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process. It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH3.     

Effect of sulfate on the methanogenic activity of a bacterial culture from a brewery wastewater during glucose degradation

The maximum specific methanogenic activity （SMA） of a sludge originating from a brewery wastewater treatment plant on the degradation of glucose was investigated at various levels of sulfate on a specific loading basis. Batch experiments were conducted in serum bottles at pH 7 and 35℃. A comparison of the values indicates that the SMA of this mixed culture was increased and reached its highest level of 0.128 g CH4 gas COD/（g VSS.d） when biomass was in contact with sulfate at a ratio of 1：0.114 by weight.     

Distribution characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in annular wetland soil-water solutions through soil profiles in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Overwhelming evidence reveals that concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） have increased in streams which brings negative environmental impacts. DOC in stream flow is mainly originated from soil-water solutions of watershed. Wetlands prove to be the most sensitive areas as an important DOC reserve between terrestrial and fluvial biogeosystems. This reported study was focused on the distribution characteristics and the controlling factors of DOC in soil-water solutions of annular wetland, i.e., a dishing wetland and a forest wetland together, in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results indicate that DOC concentrations in soilwater solutions decreased and then increased with increasing soil depth in the annular wetland. In the upper soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, DOC concentrations in soil-water solutions linearly increased from edge to center of the annular wetland （R^2 = 0.3122 and R^2 = 0.443）. The distribution variations were intimately linked to DOC production and utilization and DOC transport processes in annular wetland soil-water solutions. The concentrations of total organic carbon （TOC）, total carbon （TC） and Fe（II）, DOC mobility and continuous vertical and lateral flow affectext the distribution variations of DOC in soil-water solutions. The correlation coefficients between DOC concentrations and TOC, TC and Fe（II） were 0.974, 0.813 and 0.753 respectively. These distribution characteristics suggested a systematic response of the distribution variations of DOC in annular wetland soil-water solutions to the geometry of closed depressions on a scale of small catchments. However, the DOC in soil pore water of the annular wetland may be the potential source of DOC to stream flow on watershed scale. These observations also implied the fragmentation of wetland landscape could bring the spatial-temporal variations of DOC distribution and exports, which would bring negative environmental impacts in watersheds of the Sanjiang Plain.     

气体脱硫胺液系统的清洁生产

分析了气体脱硫装置胺液系统污染物的主要来源和危害,通过采取清洁生产工艺、材质升级、在线净化复活、停工清扫塔器和新脱硫剂补充置换等措施,取得了较好的效果.     

利用紫外预处理加强氯苯的生物滴滤净化

试验采用主波长为185nm的低压汞灯为紫外光源、醚型聚氨酯海绵(PU-foam)为填料的紫外-生物滴滤塔联合装置净化氯苯废气.进气氯苯浓度为600mg·m-3、停留时间分别为92、69和46s时,联合装置的平均去除率分别达到99%、95%和80%;最大去除负荷达到59.6g·(m3·h)-1;联合装置和单独生物滴滤塔生物膜形成时间分别为20d和27d;联合装置的抗冲击能力较好,停留时间缩短至30s,联合装置去除效率可达75%以上,高于单独生物滴滤塔的去除效率(25%).对紫外-生物滴滤塔联合装置机制初步探讨表明,紫外氧化氯苯形成了水溶性较好的可生物降解的物质,降低生物滴滤塔氯苯的处理负荷,同时紫外辐照过程中产生的O3能有效地控制生物滴滤塔内微生物的过量生长,从而维持整个装置的最佳运行状态.     

ABR处理硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性研究

为了考察厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理含硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性,采用有效容积为32L的五隔室ABR,通过为期132d的启动试验,研究了启动运行过程中各隔室COD和SO24-降解情况、VFA和S2-分布规律及颗粒污泥微生物相变化状况.结果表明,采用低负荷低增幅方式启动,在132d内成功启动ABR并达到稳定,COD和SO24-的负荷分别由1.5kg·(m3·d)-1逐渐提高到3.3kg·(m3·d-1)和由0.07kg·(m3·d-1)逐渐提高到0.18kg·(m3·d-1),COD和SO24-的去除率分别为95%和85%左右.各隔室COD沿程呈递减趋势,其去除主要由第1、4、5隔室完成,SO42-的去除主要由前面三隔室承担,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-浓度较高,到最后两隔室则急剧降低;随负荷的增加,承担COD及SO42-主要去除作用的隔室后移,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-最高点及最后两隔室的VFA和S2-的急剧降低位置也后移;各隔室的微生物经长期运行驯化后表现出良好的种群配合和高度的特异性,具有明显的产酸相与产甲烷相、硫酸盐还原相与硫单质生成相的分离特征.     

基于活性污泥模型的污水COD组分划分方案研究

活性污泥数学模型(ASM)在污水处理厂的成功应用与进水组分的正确划分密切相关.从标准化和定量化的角度利用3个批式试验开发了COD组分划分方案及Matlab计算程序.该方案在上海2个污水处理厂的测定结果表明,曲阳污水厂进水COD中含有8.1%±1.6%的易生物降解组分SS、6.3%±2.2%的溶解性惰性组分SI、45.5%±3.5%的慢速生物降解组分XS、31.1%±2.1%的颗粒性惰性组分XI和9.0%±1.1%的异养菌组分XH.而白龙港污水厂进水COD中含有11.1%±2.2%的SS、9.9%±2.0%的SI、38.9%±10.7%的XS、23.3%±9.8%的XI和16.9%±1.8%的XH.与曲阳污水厂相比,白龙港污水厂进水COD中XS和XI含量偏低,而XH/COD值则明显偏高,表明长距离管道输送会显著影响COD组分浓度.     

臭氧/混凝预处理工艺降低膜污染的研究

采用臭氧和混凝工艺分别处理黄浦江原水后进行MF膜过滤试验,考察2种预处理工艺对有机物的作用,进而考察其对MF膜过滤特性的影响.结果表明,2种预处理工艺都存在一个使膜污染下降率达到最大的最佳投药量.2种预处理工艺中,混凝降低膜污染的效果要好于臭氧,这主要与2种预处理工艺所去除的有机物性质有关.黄浦江水中有机物相对分子质量主要集中在3×103～5×103范围内,膜化学清洗液的分析表明造成膜污染的有机物相对分子质量主要集中在4.5×103附近,臭氧对相对分子质量在3×103附近的有机物去除效果较好,而混凝主要去除5×103附近的较大相对分子质量的有机物,因而混凝对这部分污染膜物质的去除效果要好于臭氧,从而有效降低了膜污染.     

C/P对EBPR系统PAOs与GAOs竞争及PHAs代谢过程影响研究

以富含聚磷菌(PAOs)活性污泥为基础,基于FISH技术研究了SBR工艺不同C/P(25∶1、20∶1、15∶1和10∶1)对EBPR系统中功能菌变化特征与微生物胞内聚合物(PHAs)代谢过程的影响.结果表明,经过10 d运行处理,C/P分别为25∶1、20∶1和15∶1系统磷酸盐去除率88%,而C/P为10∶1系统磷酸盐的去除率为0%.FISH检测结果显示,随着C/P从25∶1下降到10∶1,EBPR系统中PAOs的含量相应从(76.42±1.24)%减少到(10.40±0.97)%,而聚糖菌(GAOs)则从(16.36±3.41)%增加到(34.25±2.59)%.在厌氧段,不同C/P条件下EBPR系统中PHB和PHV的合成动力学系数大小分别为K25∶1K20∶1K15∶1K10∶1和K15∶1K20∶1K25∶1K10∶1.随着C/P从25∶1下降到10∶1,合成PHB在PHAs中所占的比例从85%下降到24%,而PHV则从15%上升到76%;在好氧段,不同C/P系统消耗PHB和PHV的动力学系数大小均为K20∶1K25∶1K15∶1K10∶1,且C/P为25∶1、20∶1和15∶1时系统消耗主要成分是PHB(占PHAs 71%～75%),而C/P为10∶1时系统消耗主要成分是PHV(占PHAs 71%).由此表明,随着C/P的降低,EBPR系统内GAOs增加而PAOs减少,从而导致系统内PHB合成与消耗比例逐渐减少,而PHV合成与消耗比例逐渐增加.     

辽河口湿地沉积物硝化细菌及硝化作用研究

2009年6月和8月,采用现场培养和实验室模拟培养相结合的方法对辽河口湿地表层沉积物硝化细菌数量、硝化速率及影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,辽河口湿地表层沉积物氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)数量6月在0.54×104～5.69×104个.g-1之间,平均值为(2.21±2.32)×104个.g-1,8月在1.90×104～7.90×104个.g-1之间,平均值为(3.61±2.87)×104个.g-1;沉积物潜在硝化速率6月在9.72～16.45 mmol.(m2.h)-1之间,平均值为(12.54±3.14)mmol.(m2.h)-1,8月在14.66～24.62 mmol.(m2.h)-1之间,平均值为(18.71±4.21)mmol.(m2.h)-1;净硝化作用速率6月(S1站)为0.41 mmol.(m2.h)-1,8月在0.20～0.53 mmol.(m2.h)-1之间,平均值为(0.35±0.16)mmol.(m2.h)-1.潜在硝化速率显著高于净硝化速率,AOB数量、净硝化作用速率和潜在硝化作用速率均表现为8月高于6月,芦苇根际效应对硝化作用有促进作用.通过SPSS 13.0软件统计分析,表明影响辽河口湿地表层沉积物硝化作用的主要环境因子有上覆水NH 4+-N浓度和沉积物pH、有机质、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、NH 4+-N含量以及AOB数量(p0.05),其中上覆水NH 4+-N浓度和沉积物总磷(TP)、NH 4+-N含量对硝化作用影响较大,是辽河口湿地硝化作用影响的关键因素.根据研究结果估算辽河口湿地沉积物硝化作用每天可以将1.14×105kg的NH 4+-N转化为NO 3--N,对河口湿地氮的循环具有重要意义.